Aromatase is an enzyme in the body that is mainly involved in the production of the hormones called estrogens in the body. They belong to the superfamily of enzymes known as the cytochrome p450. They are also called estrogen synthase or estrogen synthetase.
This class of enzymes is comprised of majorly monooxygenases. They facilitate numerous chemical reactions within the human body. Those reactions eventually lead to the generation of steroid hormones. These chemical processes are known as steroidogenesis.
This enzyme is found in numerous body tissues and organs. Those tissues comprise placenta, blood vessels, the brain, bone, adipose tissues and gonads, . It is further found within some other abnormal tissues; breast tumor, uterine fibroids, endometrial tumor and endometriosis.
The key role of the enzyme is to speed up the production of estrogens within body cells. The elements for estrogen formation are androgens which include androstenedione and also testosterone. Its function is mainly regulated by cytokines, some hormones and also other various factors.
Reactions that it accelerates are divided to three major steps. It commences by the successive addition of hydroxyl group to the methyl group positioned at position 19 in the structure of androgens. This then is succeeded by the elimination of the formate group. That reaction then completes with aromatization of the ring called A.
It is found located inside the cells. The body cells usually contain different organelles. Therefore, this enzyme is mainly found within the organelles called the endoplasmic reticulum.
This enzyme is transcribed by a type of gen called CYP19. This gene is located in chromosome 15 in the somatic cells. This gene has nine coding zones known as exons. It further contains several non-coding zones.
There are large numbers of factors that hasten the activity of that enzyme. They consist of obesity, age, alcohol, insulin and gonadotropins. Moreover, its activity seems to be accelerated within tissues surrounding uterine fibroids, breast, endometriosis and also malignancy of female endometrium.
Other factors by nature decrease the action of these enzymes. Such consist of prolactin, the commonly known anti aromatase herbs regarded as glyphosate and also an anti-Mullerian hormone. Those factors lessen the speed by which this enzyme controls its various reactions.
Anti aromatase supplements are majorly used by body-builders due to their anti-aromatase body building roles.There principle of body building depends on their ability to increase testosterone levels by reducing the rate of action of the enzyme. This then increases masculinity and body physique.
It is expressed also within the tissues of the brain. In the brain, its activity occurs within the astrocytes following the brain injury. That lowers apoptosis of brain neurons making it neuroprotective.
Excessive production of the enzyme leads to gynecomastia and precocious puberty in girls. It also leads to short stature. Its deficiency, which can be as a result of anti aromatase side effects, leads to amenorrhea and virilization in the female gonads. Besides, it leads to long stature due to delayed closure of epiphyseal lines.
Aromatase is therefore an important enzyme in the body. It mainly determines sex. Disorders following its deficiency or excess production can therefore lead to infertility in both sexes.
This class of enzymes is comprised of majorly monooxygenases. They facilitate numerous chemical reactions within the human body. Those reactions eventually lead to the generation of steroid hormones. These chemical processes are known as steroidogenesis.
This enzyme is found in numerous body tissues and organs. Those tissues comprise placenta, blood vessels, the brain, bone, adipose tissues and gonads, . It is further found within some other abnormal tissues; breast tumor, uterine fibroids, endometrial tumor and endometriosis.
The key role of the enzyme is to speed up the production of estrogens within body cells. The elements for estrogen formation are androgens which include androstenedione and also testosterone. Its function is mainly regulated by cytokines, some hormones and also other various factors.
Reactions that it accelerates are divided to three major steps. It commences by the successive addition of hydroxyl group to the methyl group positioned at position 19 in the structure of androgens. This then is succeeded by the elimination of the formate group. That reaction then completes with aromatization of the ring called A.
It is found located inside the cells. The body cells usually contain different organelles. Therefore, this enzyme is mainly found within the organelles called the endoplasmic reticulum.
This enzyme is transcribed by a type of gen called CYP19. This gene is located in chromosome 15 in the somatic cells. This gene has nine coding zones known as exons. It further contains several non-coding zones.
There are large numbers of factors that hasten the activity of that enzyme. They consist of obesity, age, alcohol, insulin and gonadotropins. Moreover, its activity seems to be accelerated within tissues surrounding uterine fibroids, breast, endometriosis and also malignancy of female endometrium.
Other factors by nature decrease the action of these enzymes. Such consist of prolactin, the commonly known anti aromatase herbs regarded as glyphosate and also an anti-Mullerian hormone. Those factors lessen the speed by which this enzyme controls its various reactions.
Anti aromatase supplements are majorly used by body-builders due to their anti-aromatase body building roles.There principle of body building depends on their ability to increase testosterone levels by reducing the rate of action of the enzyme. This then increases masculinity and body physique.
It is expressed also within the tissues of the brain. In the brain, its activity occurs within the astrocytes following the brain injury. That lowers apoptosis of brain neurons making it neuroprotective.
Excessive production of the enzyme leads to gynecomastia and precocious puberty in girls. It also leads to short stature. Its deficiency, which can be as a result of anti aromatase side effects, leads to amenorrhea and virilization in the female gonads. Besides, it leads to long stature due to delayed closure of epiphyseal lines.
Aromatase is therefore an important enzyme in the body. It mainly determines sex. Disorders following its deficiency or excess production can therefore lead to infertility in both sexes.
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